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The primary author of this profile is Chara Scroope (2018). The ‘Tongans in Australia’ section was updated in 2025.

• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021a). 4-digit level ANCP Ancestry Multi Response by Australia (UR) (2021 Census of Population and Housing) [Data set]. ABS Census TableBuilder.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021b). People in Australia who were born in Tonga [Data set]. 2021 Census Country of Birth QuickStats.
• Australian Trade and Investment Commission. (2024). Doing business in The Pacific. Market Explorer Tool.
• Bennardo, G. (2001). Tonga. In M. Ember & C. R. Ember (Eds.), Countries and Their ¹û¶³´«Ã½: Saint Kitts and Nevis to Zimbabwe (Vol. 4, pp. 2231–2237). Macmillan Reference USA; Advameg.
• Bennett, S. N., Plant, H., & Boekweg, M. (2017). Tongan Culture [Online Textbook]. Polynesian Culture.
• Central Intelligence Agency. (2024, November 12). Tonga. The World Factbook.
• Clear Horizon. (2023). Pacific Labour Growth Independent Evaluatio: Prepared for Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (19319). Clear Horizon.
• Colson, E. (2006). Tonga Religious Life in the Twentieth Century. Gadsden Publishers.
• Culture Crossing Guide. (2017). Tonga. Culture Crossing Guide.
• Daly, M. (2009). Tonga: A New Bibliography. University of Hawai’i Press.
• Department of Employment and Workplace Relations. (2024). Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) Scheme Data (Data Summary September quarter 2024). Australian Government.
• Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (2024). Tonga country brief [Government Website]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
• Department of Home Affairs. (2018). Tonga-born Community Information Summary (Census of Population and Housing 2016, Country Data Summary). Commonwealth of Australia.
• Evans, M. (2001). Persistence of the Gift: Tongan Tradition in Transnational Context. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
• Goodman, M. A. (2008). Church Growth in Tonga Historical and Cultural Connections. In R. L. Neilson, S. C. Harper, C. K. Manscill, & M. J. Woodger (Eds.), Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint Church History: The Pacific Isles (Vol. 8, pp. 37–54). Brigham Young University.
• Kaeppler, A. L. (1971). Rank in Tonga. Ethnology, 10(2), 174–193.
• Khalidi, S. (with ACT Office of Multicultural, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs). (2012). The Cultural Dictionary and Directory of People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds (F. McIlroy & H. Neumayer, Eds.; 3rd ed.). Migrant and Refugee Settlement Services of the ACT Inc.
• Latukefu, S., & Foster, S. (2024). Tonga. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
• Lee, H. (2018). Becoming Tongan today. In J. Connell & H. Lee (Eds.), Change and Continuity in the Pacific: Revisiting the Region (pp. 118–135). Routledge.
• Lee, H., & Francis, S. T. (Eds.). (2009). Migration and Transnationalism: Pacific Perspectives. ANU Press.
• Lift Education. (2010). Faufaua!: An Introduction to Tongan: Teachers’ Guide and Support Materials. South Pacific Press.
• Mahina, ‘Okusitino, & Ka’ili, T. O. (2017). Marking Indigeneity: The Tongan Art of Sociospatial Relations. University of Arizona Press.
• Metro South Health. (2015, March). Food and cultural practices of the Tongan community in Australia. Queensland Government.
• Migration Policy Institute. (2011). Remittances Profile: Tonga. Migration Policy Institute.
• Morton, H. (1998). Creating Their Own Culture: Diasporic Tongans. The Contemporary Pacific, 10(1), 1–30.
• Museums Victoria. (2017). Immigration History from Tonga to Victoria. Origins.
• ProQuest. (2017). Kingdom of Tonga. ProQuest & Brigham Young University.
• Reeson, M. (2013). Pacific Missionary George Brown 1835–1917. ANU Press.
• Robbins, J. (2006). Pacific Islands Religious Communities. In M. Juergensmeyer (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (pp. 587–594). Oxford University Press.
• Safari the Globe. (2014, March). Tonga. Safari the Globe: Cultural Information.
• Siikala, J. (Ed.). (2021). Culture and History in the Pacific (2nd ed.). Helsinki University Press.
• Sperry, K. (2008). Oral Genealogies in the Pacific Islands. In R. L. Neilson, S. C. Harper, C. K. Manscill, & M. J. Woodger (Eds.), Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint Church History: The Pacific Isles (Vol. 8, pp. 75–92). Brigham Young University.
• Statistics Department Tonga. (2022). Tonga 2021 Census of Population and Housing: Volume 1 Basic Tables (TSD:47-43). Tonga Department of Statistics.
• Statistics Department Tonga. (2024). Tonga 2021 Census of Population and Housing: Volume 2 Analytical Report (TSD:47-47). Tonga Department of Statistics.
• Taungapeau, M. (2014, September 2). Ko e Kai ia ‘a e Tonga. National Library of New Zealand.
• Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023 (Annual CPI Report).
• Veys, F. W. (2020). Unwrapping Tongan Barkcloth: Encounters, Creativity and Female Agency. Bloomsbury Academic.